Scientific revolution definition ap world history
Enlightened absolutists attempted to implement enlightened reforms through toleration of religious minorities, reform of governmental and societal institutions, absolute rule, and patronage of the philosophes. Frederick the Great of Prussia, Catherine the Great of Russia, and Joseph II of Austria all tried, to varying degrees, to use their positions of power to aid the progress of the Enlightenment from the top down.
Textbook Readings
Kagan, 533-543
AND/OR
Wood, 270-275, 278-279
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key term - Scientific Revolution
Definition
The Scientific Revolution refers to a period from the late 16th century to the 18th century during which significant advancements were made in scientific thought and methodology. This era marked a shift from medieval thinking, which relied heavily on religious doctrine, to empirical observation and experimentation. Key figures such as Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton challenged existing beliefs, leading to a transformation in the understanding of the natural world and the development of modern science.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
The Scientific Revolution laid the groundwork for modern scientific disciplines such as physics, biology, and chemistry.
Galileo's use of the telescope provided crucial evidence for heliocentrism and challenged the prevailing views held by the Catholic Church.
Isaac Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation established fundamental principles that shaped scientific thought for centuries.
The period saw the establishment of scientific societies, such as the Royal Society in England, promoting collaboration and dissemination of new ideas.
The methods developed during this time
AP World Unit 5
Definition: A collective of workers who join together to protect their own interests
Prior to these reforms, labor unions were illegal
All the power for change was in the hands of wealth capitalists and factory owners, who weren't too flexible
Before this, no one worker could affect change in the system,
But labor unions were collectives of hundred/thousand of workers
Gave them a lot of power to negotiate with employers to improve their lives
As labor Unions spread throughout the world, they used this new power to get higher wages, limited working hours, and improved working conditions
By the end of the 19th century, British labor unions could count nearly 2 million workers on their roles while American and German unions had about million each
Some of these unions turned into proper political parties that sought enact reforms on behalf of the working classes in the highest levels of government
Ex: German Social Democratic Party
Formed out of the General German Workers Association
Advocated for Marxist reforms in Germany
Aimed to transform the capitalist system of private ownership of the means of production to social
Shared Flashcard Set
Term
alchemy and hermetic magic
Definition
people believed that the world was a living embodiment of divinity. Humans also had this spark of divinity within.
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Ptolemaic universe and Aristotle
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universe is seen as a series of concentric spheres with a fixed or motionless earth at its center. Circular motion. Earth was made of imperfect substances, but the surrounding bodies were made of perfect substances.
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everything described above… (look in Ptolemaic universe and aristotle)
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professional astronomers wanted to trace the path of the bodies of light (planets) more closely. Findings contradicted the geocentric model.
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argued that universe consisted of eight spheres with the sun motionless at the center and the fixed stars at rest in the eighth sphere. Circular orbits, Earth rotated daily. Catholic church did not say anything until Galileo showed up.
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Danish nobleman who provided lots of work later used by his former assistant, Kepler. For 20 years, he observed the movement of the stars and pl